MEGA-8

07 Detergents

MEGA-8

MEGA-8

Detergent

  • Product code
    M014　 MEGA-8
  • CAS No.
    85316-98-9
  • Chemical name
    n-Octanoyl-N-methyl-D-glucamine
  • MW
    C15H31NO6=321.41
Unit size --
1 g Please inquire distributors about price.
5 g Please inquire distributors about price.

Product Description

Glucamide detergents are non-ionic, are transparent in the UV region, and possess relatively high CMC values. Therefore, they are ideal for use as membrane protein solubilizers. The CMC values for these detergents are between 7 mM and 25 mM.

Introduction

The phospholipid bilayer is the basic structure of the cell membrane. The most important functions of cells include transportation of substances, energy exchange, and transmission of information. These functions are conducted at the cell membrane by membrane proteins. In membrane biochemistry research, membrane proteins are solubilized and purified to study their structure and function. Proteins bound to cell membranes have hydrophobic sites buried within the phospholipid bilayers and hydrophilic sites facing toward the water layer. Detergents are used to isolate large insoluble molecules such as proteins. Detergents interact with the hydrophobic sites of proteins, which are then solubilized in the water layer, thus separating membrane proteins. It is important to choose a detergent that does not disrupt the bioactivities of target proteins. A detergent requires the following characteristics to be suitable for isolation of

membrane proteins:
1. Sufficient protein solubilization capability
2. No denaturing or inactivation of proteins
3. No interference with protein activities
4. No precipitation at 4ºC
5. Appropriate critical micelle concentrations (CMC) and micelle size
6. No absorption in the UV region
7. No toxicity
8. Availability of detergent detection methods
9. Non-ionic detergent if ion exchange chromatography is used

In the past, polyoxyethylene ether non-ionic detergents were widely used. These detergents, however, had several problems, such as denaturation of proteins and low CMC value, which cannot be separated easily by dialysis. n-Octyl-β-D-glucoside, n-Octyl-β-Dthioglucoside, CHAPS, and CHAPSO eliminate these problems and are widely used today. Most of the current detergents are non-ionic and easily applied to ion exchange chromatography purification. deoxy-BIGCHAP is a non-ionic detergent possessing deoxycholic acid and a gluconamide polar group. It has a high CMC value of 1.4 mM and can be easily separated by dialysis. Because its UV absorbance is low, it can be used for the determination of proteins. deoxy-BIGCHAP has been used for the extraction of opioid receptors from neuroblastoma or hybrid cells of glyoma. It has also been applied to adenylate cyclase or acetyltransferase. These detergents are also widely used to solubilize chromophores or to stabilize enzymes in diagnostic analyses and biochemical assays.

Trials of various kinds of detergents are needed to find the appropriate detergent for each study. Dojindo’s Detergent Screening Sets, which contain assorted packages of detergents, are available for use in these trials.

Chemical Structure

Technical info

Detergents are amphipathic compounds, with both lipophobic and lipophilic sites, that will form micelles above a critical concentration that is specific to each detergent. This is called the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The solubilizing abilities of detergents increase dramatically above their CMC values. After extracting membrane proteins, detergents can be easily removed by dilution, and then dialysis.

Table 1 Molecular Weight and Critical Micelle Concentration of Detergents

References

Open References


1) J. E. K. Hildreth, "N-D-Gluco-N-methylalkanamide Compounds, a New Class of Non-ionic Detergents for Membrane Biochemistry", Biochem. J., 1982, 207, 363. 
2) M. Okawauchi, M. Hagio, Y. Ikawa, G. Sugihara, Y. Murata and M. Tanaka, "A Light-Scattering Study of Temperature Effect on Micelle Formation of N-Alkanoyl-N-Methylglucamines in Aqueous Solution", Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 1987, 60, 2718. 
3) G. Sugihara, M. Hagio, M. Tanaka and Y. Ikawa, "The CMC of the Mixed System of MEGA-9 with MEGA-10 in Water at 30℃", J. Colloid Interface Sci., 1988, 123, 544. 
4) G. Sugihara, "Pressure Effect on Micelle Formation in Mixed Systems of Sodium Perfluorooctanoate with Hydrocarbon Surfactants-sodium Dedocyl Sulfate, Sodium Decyl Sulfate and Nonanoyl-N-methylgulcamine", Surfactants in Solution, 1989, 7, 397. 
5) V. De Pinto, R. Benz and F. Palmieri, "Interaction of Non-Classical Detergents with the Mitochondrial Porin A New Purification Procedure and Characterization of the Pore-forming Unit", Eur. J. Biochem., 1989, 183, 179. 
6) Y. Wada, Y. Ikawa, H. Igimi, Y. Murata, S. Nagadome and G. Sugihara, "Mixed Micelle and Mixed Adsorbed Film Formations of Anionic Fluorocarbon-Nonionic Hydrocarbon Surfactant Mixtures", J. Jpn. Oil Chem. Soc., 1990, 39, 548. 
7)R. M. DeVay, L. Dominguez-Ramirez, L. L. Lackner, S. Hoppins, H. Stahlberg and J. Nunnari, "Coassembly of Mgm1 isoforms requires cardiolipin　and mediates mitochondrial inner membrane fusion", J. Cell Biol., 2009, 186, 793.

Handling and storage condition

Specification
Appearance： White powder
Purity (HPLC)： ≧ 98.0%
Solubility in water： To pass test (clear, colorless)
m.p.： 80 - 90℃
pH(25°C)： 5.0 - 8.0 (25℃)
IR spectrum： Authentic
Handling and storage condition
Ambient temperature
SDS download
Contact
Price

Product Classification

Product Classification

Search word